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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
121 articles
Newest firstPain is prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), and many PWH who experience pain also use substances (illicit drug and/or unhealthy alcohol use). While cocaine use and cocaine and alcohol co-use are prevalent in this population, their effects on pain in PWH are unknown. This study aims to investigate the association of cocaine use and co-use of cocaine and alcohol with pain interference among PWH. We completed a se…
Open article record in new tab ↗The interactive effects of HIV and marijuana (MJ) on the brain remain largely unknown, despite the prevalence of cognitive implications in this population. This study examined the impacts of HIV and MJ on brain networks crucial for normal cognitive function. Functional MRI data and a battery of neuropsychological tests from 237 HIV+ and HIV- adults aged 25-59 years, stratified by MJ use, were collected. The follow…
Open article record in new tab ↗CD16+ monocytes are a minor subset of the total monocyte population that play a disproportionate role in contributing to neuroinflammation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). This has been evidenced by the enhanced transmigration of CD16+ monocytes into the brain compared to their CD16− counterpart. CD16+ monocytes can be activated by HIV ssRNAs through toll-like recep…
Open article record in new tab ↗The persistence of HIV latent reservoir is the major challenge to HIV cure because latent viruses serve as sources for viral rebound upon ART cessation. Mechanisms regulating viral persistence are not well understood; thus, there is a compelling need for research focusing on addressing the knowledge gap related to HIV persistence. The present study focuses on the effect of extracellular condensates (ECs) on latent…
Introduction Tobacco use is disproportionately prevalent among people living with HIV (PWH) and is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in this population. Reaching communities of PWH to facilitate smoking cessation is challenging. Digital Therapeutics (DTx) can facilitate widespread implementation and adoption of smoking cessation treatments for PWH. Methods We compared the feasibility and accepta…
Chronic neuroinflammation is associated with comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). While cannabis use is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in PWH, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we analyzed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from a cohort of 50 PWH and 33 people without HIV (mean age: 61.9 years…
Previous research on the influence of substance use on PrEP uptake and adherence among transgender women has either relied on cross-sectional analyses or on combined samples of cisgender men who have sex with men and a much smaller subsample of transgender women. To the best of our knowledge, no longitudinal study has examined the relationship of substance use and PrEP use/adherence among young transgender women a…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Cannabis use is common among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH) and has been associated with disrupted sleep, psychiatric symptoms, and increased healthcare utilization. However, the influence of concurrent cocaine and cannabis use on symptom trajectories and healthcare engagement remains unclear. Methods One hundred nineteen PLWH who reported daily cannabis use were assessed l…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundTuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is a cornerstone intervention for reducing TB incidence among people living with HIV, yet its integration into routine care remains inconsistent in high-burden settings. While policy frameworks are well established, less is known about how frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) operationalize TPT within constraint health systems. Thisstudy explores healthcare workers (H…
IntroductionDifferentiated service delivery (DSD) models aim to reduce time healthcare providers spend with DSD clients, increasing time available for non-DSD clients. We measured nurses time allocation and explored their experiences with DSD models in South Africa. MethodsWe conducted time and motion observations and surveyed nurses at 24 public primary healthcare facilities across two SENTINEL study rounds (09/2…
BackgroundIn clinical contexts where disease burden differs across demographic groups, enforcing demographic parity -- equal prediction rates regardless of group -- may reduce screening for the populations that need it most. We demonstrate this using HIV testing prediction as a case study. MethodsUsing the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2024 dataset (N=386,775), we trained four classifiers to p…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundSocial determinants of health (SDOH)--including socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic factors--are closely linked to HIV/AIDS outcomes. This study assessed the association between SDOH and in-hospital AIDS-related mortality among low-income individuals in Brazil. MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using data from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, which includes individuals who applied for government…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundNigeria accounts for a significant share of global maternal mortality, and HIV remains a public health threat. Gombe State in northeastern Nigeria contends with profound barriers to healthcare access. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based intervention using trained Community Health Workers (CHWs) to improve early identification of pregnancy and linkage to Antenatal Care (ANC) and HI…
Open article record in new tab ↗IntroductionPersistent infection with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (hr-HPV) in women is a leading cause of cervical cancer, and its co-infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV) increases the risk of HPV-associated cancer, including oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. In sub-Saharan Africa, awareness of HPV is limited, screening and vaccine adoption are critically low, undermining efforts toward sexually t…
Open article record in new tab ↗Tobacco and cannabis use are prevalent among adults with HIV and co-use is associated with drug dependence and negative health outcomes such as lung disease. This study examined the co-use of tobacco and cannabis by HIV status overall and by sociodemographics. Data came from the adult sample from the 2021-2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions were performed on tobac…
Open article record in new tab ↗HIV disproportionately affects key populations (MSM, transgender people, sex workers and psychoactive substance users), who face greater social vulnerability and limited healthcare access. This study aimed at analyzing sexual orientation and gender identity and their association with sexual practices, sexually transmitted infections and psychoactive substance use among PrEP users. Method: A cross-sectional study w…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Methamphetamine use, which is disproportionately prevalent among people with HIV, increases risk for cardio- and neurovascular pathology through persistent immune activation and inflammation. Preclinical studies indicate that cannabinoids may reduce markers of pro-inflammatory processes, but data from people with chronic inflammatory conditions are limited. We examined potentially interacting associatio…
Background While cannabis use is prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), factors associated with higher-risk use require further study. We examined factors (mental health, sociodemographics, substance use, HIV clinical markers) associated with risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD) among PWH who used cannabis. Methods Participants included adult (≥ 18 years old) PWH from 3 HIV primary care clinics in Kaiser Permanent…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background: Understanding immune response is essential for preparing for public health crises. COVID-19 vaccination provides robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2, but immunocompromised populations may have weaker immune responses. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 spike (trimer) total IgG/IgM/IgA (total Ig) to investigate immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH), considering CD4+ T cell count, v…
Open article record in new tab ↗Abstract Background People living with HIV experience high rates of mental health disorders, but the comorbidity patterns of these conditions remain poorly understood. Identifying how disorders cluster and which diagnoses are most central may guide more effective screening and integrated treatment strategies. Methods This cross-sectional study used electronic health records and survey data from the National Instit…
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