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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
81 articles
Newest firstRoughly one-third of patients with epilepsy remain drug resistant, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Although cannabidiol (CBD) has recently been approved for specific epileptic encephalopathies, its anticonvulsant mechanisms and the influence of biological sex on treatment response remain incompletely understood. In this preclinical study, we evaluated the efficacy, tolerability, pharmacokin…
Open article record in new tab ↗A variety of etiologies can lead a patient to present with symptoms that appear manic. A wide differential should be considered, including delirium, which may in turn be caused by multiple etiologies. Substance ingestion, specifically of dietary supplements, is one potential trigger that is not always considered. A 40-year-old male patient with a history of long-standing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A…
Open article record in new tab ↗Lymphatic transport of drugs after oral administration is an important physiological process in highly lipophilic compounds, such as cannabidiol (CBD). The majority of lymphatic transport studies have been historically conducted in anesthetized rats. However, this animal model differs significantly from the humans regarding both anatomical and physiological features. The aim of this study was therefore to develop…
The pharmacokinetics of the semisynthetic cannabinoid hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and its 11-nor-carboxy- as well as 11-hydroxy-metabolites has already been the subject of research in various recent publications. However, further metabolism studies showed the presence of other, especially (side-chain-)hydroxylated metabolites in urine and serum. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of these metabolit…
Background: Hemp extracts are used topically as cosmetic products and may be ingested as dietary supplements. Some users report positive carboxy delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (COOH-THC) urinary tests following their use. This study evaluated systemic exposure to natural hemp extract-based cosmetic (NHEC) bioactive molecules following a single dose of oral or topical application and assessed urine THC positivity. Me…
Open article record in new tab ↗Cancer therapy development increasingly focuses on multi-target approaches to inhibit key proteins involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. This study explored the potential inhibitory interactions of 110 cannabinoid derivatives using molecular docking simulations against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), and VEGFR-2. Blind docking with AutoDock Vin…
Open article record in new tab ↗Introduction The study of hemp-based cannabinoids has focused primarily on cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis sativa however, naturally synthesizes cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) as opposed to the better-known neutral derivative. The precursor to cannabidiolic CBDA is cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cultivar extracts that contain both acidic cannabinoids are available as animal supplements. Pharmacokinetically these acidic can…
Open article record in new tab ↗Medical cannabis use is steadily increasing worldwide, including among pregnant and breastfeeding women. This Perspective provides an overview of current evidence regarding cannabis exposure during pregnancy and lactation and its implications for clinical decision-making. The available literature indicates relatively consistent evidence linking prenatal Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure with adverse perinatal…
Open article record in new tab ↗There has been a growing interest in the use of cannabinoids in horses in recent years. Several studies have reported on the pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol (CBD) in horses. However, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) has received less attention, despite limited evidence suggesting clinically beneficial effects in other species. Horses were administered 3 mg/kg of CBD, 3 mg/kg of CBDA, and a placebo per os in a crossover d…
Cannabigerol (CBG) is a nonintoxicating phytocannabinoid gaining popularity as a self-medication for anxiety and other conditions; however, its pharmacological properties remain poorly defined. Here, we report the development of a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying CBG and its primary oxidative metabolite, cyclo-CBG. This platform enabled the characterization…
Cannabinoids are widely recognized for their potential therapeutic effects, making them significant and valuable candidates for medical research and applications across various fields. This review aims to analyze the pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabigerol (CBG), and Cannabichromene (CBC), along with their corresponding acidic forms, Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and Cannabichr…
Introduction This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a full-spectrum CBD-dominant oil formulated in medium-chain triglycerides (MCT oil) after a single intravenous (IV) administration, a single oral (PO) administration, and multiple oral administrations of CBD at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg in adult male and female beagle dogs. Methods The CBD-dominant extract was administered to adult, i…
Open article record in new tab ↗Accidental exposure to edible cannabis products in children is an increasing public health concern. The clinical presentation is often nonspecific, which can delay diagnosis and lead to inappropriate management. Toxicological screening is therefore essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. We report the toxicokinetic (TK) profiles of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) follow…
Open article record in new tab ↗Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD) has shown potential therapeutic benefits in veterinary medicine, but further investigations are needed to establish its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic dosing in horses and ponies. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in Connemara ponies following oral administration of CBD oil. Methods Ten healthy ponies received a single oral dose of CBD oil…
Open article record in new tab ↗The two most extensively studied cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are used for myriad conditions. THC is predominantly eliminated via the cytochromes P450 (CYPs), whereas CBD is eliminated through both CYPs and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The fractional contributions of these enzymes to cannabinoid metabolism have shown conflicting results among studies. Physiologica…
Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in neurological disorders, particularly epilepsy. Epidiolex®, an FDA-approved oral CBD solution, is indicated for rare epileptic disorders such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. However, its clinical utility is limited by rapid metabolism, short duration of action, and low oral bioavailability. Methods To address these limitations,…
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major phytochemical constituents of cannabis, Cannabis sativa, widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. While cannabis has been utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times, its psychoactive and addictive properties led to its prohibition in 1937, with only the medical use being reauthorized in 1998. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD lacks psychoactive and addict…
Background and objective Delivering therapeutic drugs to the brain for neurological disorders remains challenging due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal (IN) nanoparticle delivery may enhance the bioavailability of lipophilic cannabidiol (CBD), addressing limitations associated with systemic administration. Methods Further optimization of nanoparticle properties is necessary to…
Open article record in new tab ↗Cannabidiol (CBD) has transitioned from anecdotal use to an evidence-based adjunctive therapy for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex. This review integrates knowledge on CBD's pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical implementation, with focus on metabolism, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and clinically relevant interactions with antiseizure medications. CBD exerts CB1…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Cannabidiol (CBD) has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory characteristics, and was reported to provide analgesia in dogs with osteoarthritis. However, oral CBD has poor bioavailability due to significant first-pass hepatic metabolism. Encapsulation of CBD into liposomes was reported by our group to facilitate CBD slow-release, and provide high bioavailability and analgesia in a pilot study in dogs wi…