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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
44 articles
Newest firstCannabis sativa is one of the oldest and most versatile plants with many facets ranging from intoxicant to medicine. Legalisation of medicinal cannabis leads to an increasing complexity of specific forensic questions to distinguish between recreational and medicinal use, for example, in context with participation in road traffic. Hence, there is a recent interest in finding objective markers that enable the differ…
Open article record in new tab ↗Cannabis sativa L. is a medicinal plant cultivated globally due to its remarkable historical and scientific relevance. Through the consumption of its flowers, also referred to as inflorescences, which contain a high content of cannabinoids, terpenes and polyphenols, the therapeutic properties of C. sativa can be harnessed. This study therefore aimed to determine the chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammat…
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasingly valued not only for its fibers and seeds but also for essential oils derived from floral by-products. This study investigates the extraction of essential oils from three hemp floral varieties, Sour Space Candy, Suver Haze 3N, and Pinewalker 3N using hydrodistillation, a widely accepted and efficient method for isolating volatile compounds. The chemical composition and quan…
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound of cannabis, is the most widely abused substance worldwide, with an annual prevalence of 4.3% of adults and 5.3% of the 15-16 year-old population estimated as of 2022. THC has both acute and chronic effects through the dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems. This study was conducted to better understand the metabolites and metabolic pathways in biolog…
Open article record in new tab ↗Objective Cannabis sativa L. is renowned for its medicinal and recreational uses. With the increasing global legalization of C. sativa L.-based products for medicinal purposes, there is a growing need for well-characterized products. While the stability of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol is well understood, information on the chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes remains scarce.…
Open article record in new tab ↗Cannabis sativa L. is an aromatic medicinal plant with various biologically active classes of compounds such as cannabinoids, polyphenols, and terpenes. Unlike the widely investigated inflorescence and leaf, the stembark of C. sativa has been overlooked regarding its medicinal potential. This study, therefore, was aimed at determining the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) ob…
A child died in the emergency room of a local hospital a few hours after ingesting a substance the color of cork and the consistency of earth. At home, a modest amount of resinous substance was found. At the hospital, the child exhibited alterations in walking, balance, and consciousness. Intubation was needed for the onset of dyspnea, so fentanyl and ketamine were administered during the procedure. A sample of bl…
Open article record in new tab ↗Tetrahydrocannabidiol (H4CBD) is an emerging semisynthetic cannabinoid, which has been known since 1940. Like hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), it is easily obtained by hydrogenation of available phytocannabinoids, in the case of H4CBD by hydrogenation of cannabidiol (CBD). H4CBD shows a weak affinity for the CB1 receptor, but it is unclear if H4CBD shows psychoactive properties, as reports from users are divided. Only a…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Tianeptine, an atypical antidepressant not approved in the United States, is readily purchased from unregulated markets such as the internet and gas stations. We became aware of a cluster of 34 patients in New Jersey who became ill following ingestion of the tianeptine containing-product Neptune's Fix, the rate of which (4.6 cases per month) far exceeded the background rate for this substance of 0.5 cas…
CH-FUBBMPDORA (CHO-4'Me-5'Br-FUBOXPYRA), a recent addition to the recreational drug market, bypasses the Chinese generic ban (2021) on synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) due to its new 5-bromo-4-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one core. Its pharmacological properties are currently undefined, and it is yet to be found in biological samples. However, it is unclear whether this is due to low prevalence or hampered d…
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a subclassification of image performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). While AAS use is most prevalent among people in athletics, there is also high lifetime prevalence of AAS use among prisoners. This study reports the qualitative detection of AASs in seized samples from the Scottish prisons from 2019-2023. Additionally, methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of AA…
Background and aims In the United Kingdom and internationally, synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a common adulterant in illicitly sourced vaping products. Recently, their use is increasingly being linked to severe health effects, particularly among children. Here, we aimed to conduct the first detection and quantification of SCs in illicit disposable vaping products. Methods A cross-section of seven illicitly sourc…
This study investigated efficient extraction methods for cannabinoids and terpenes from the above-ground parts of Futura 75, focusing on two techniques: pressurized extraction and magnetic stirrer-assisted extraction. The effects of solvent type, temperature, time, and pressure were evaluated using five organic solvents and two binary solvent systems. Cannabinoid profiles of obtained extracts were analyzed using g…
Canada has established a strict set of testing requirements for pesticides that are unauthorized for use on cannabis, currently holding the most extensive list of analytes in North America to date, listing minimum method performance limits rather than maximum allowable concentration limits. These requirements establish the need for validated analytical methods capable of quantifying pesticides and growth regulator…
Open article record in new tab ↗After the Swiss ban of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) in March 2023, other semisynthetic dibenzopyran cannabinoids emerged on the Swiss gray market. Hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP) was the most prominent of them due to its potent cannabimimetic effects, as anecdotal reports from recreational users suggest. In October 2023, a class wide ban of dibenzopyran cannabinoids was introduced in Switzerland to prevent new similar…
Cannabis sativa L. constituents, such as cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites, determine the plant's (medicinal) effects and properties in a complex interplay, a phenomenon known as the entourage effect. However, environmental influences like cultivation method, soil, light, and climate might also influence the plant's chemical composition-and thus its therapeutic profile. Much like…
Open article record in new tab ↗Purpose The systemic influence of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA), particularly in those with severe OSA (sOSA), has frequently been disregarded. An investigation was conducted to examine the variations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolomic drifts, as well as their interrelations, in adult OSA patients. Methods A total of 22 male patients were enrolled after undergoing polysomnography (PSG), and blood samp…
Cannabis sativa L. is a plant that has been cultivated since ancient times thanks to its various uses. Even its extraction products, such as essential oil and hydrolate, having a varied chemical composition and rich in bioactive components, find wide use in different sectors, gathering ever-increasing interest over time. In this work, the essential oil of Cannabis sativa L. cv. Carmagnola was characterized by usin…
Purpose Cannabidiol (CBD) products are widely used for pain relief, sleep improvement, management of seizures etc. Although the concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in these products are low (≤0.3% w/w), it is important to investigate if its presence and/or that of its metabolite 11-nor-carboxy-Δ9-THC, is traceable in plasma and urine samples of individuals who take CBD oil products. Methods A sensit…
Recently, hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) was posed under strict control in Europe due to the increasing HHC-containing material seizures. The lack of analytical methods in clinical laboratories to detect HHC and its metabolites in biological matrices may result in related intoxication underreporting. We developed and validated a comprehensive GC-MS/MS method to quantify 9(R)-HHC, 9(S)-HHC, 9αOH-HHC, 9βOH-HHC, 8(R)OH-9(…