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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
9 articles
Newest firstHexahydrocannabinol (HHC), hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP) and their acetates, HHC-O and HHCP-O, respectively, are emerging in Europe as alternatives to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic pathways of the semi-synthetic cannabinoids HHC, HHCP, HHC-O and HHCP-O from incubation with human hepatocytes. The metabolites of HHC were also identified in authentic urine samples. HHC, HHCP,…
Open article record in new tab ↗Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are a large and continuously evolving group of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Recently, many different nitrile-containing SCRAs have emerged on the illicit market, two of which have been found to release cyanide during metabolism. This can produce symptoms similar to those of cyanide poisoning, contributing to the toxicity of these SCRAs. Notified by the EU Early…
After the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) introduced mail photocopying procedures in December 2021, a shift in smuggling methods was observed for synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) and other new psychoactive substances (NPS) from drug-infused papers back to traditional sample matrices (e.g., tablets and powders), although new matrices also emerged. This study reports on waxy- or putty-like materials as…
An emerging new trend reveals that potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) that were prevalent prior to the Chinese class-wide ban in July 2021 have remained on the market or re-emerged. This is likely because of a new production route where unscheduled tail-less precursors are converted into the desired controlled SCRA via a one-step synthesis. This study reports the discovery of a clandestine prod…
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) pose one of the greatest challenges across the illicit drug landscape. They can be highly potent, and coupled with rapid changes in structure, tracking and identifying these drugs is difficult and presents users with a "Russian roulette" if used. Benzodiazepines, synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids, and synthetic cathinones account for the majority of NPS-related deaths an…
Open article record in new tab ↗Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a subclassification of image performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). While AAS use is most prevalent among people in athletics, there is also high lifetime prevalence of AAS use among prisoners. This study reports the qualitative detection of AASs in seized samples from the Scottish prisons from 2019-2023. Additionally, methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of AA…
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are a group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that bind to and activate the cannabinoid 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) receptors. Following the introduction of SCRA analog controls in China in July 2021, new SCRAs with a bromine at the 5 position on the indazole core emerged on the recreational drug market. In this study, the in vitro CB1 receptor activity of 19 different…
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) is a large group of structurally diverse designer drugs (analogues of controlled substances) associated with intense and sometimes fatal intoxication. Cardiac symptoms including tachycardia and arrhythmia are common consequences of SCRA consumption. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which SCRAs may perturb cardiac rhythm. Here we used electrophysi…
Open article record in new tab ↗Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have been the largest group of illicit psychoactive substances reported to international monitoring and early warning systems for many years. Carboxamide-type SCRAs are amongst the most prevalent and potent. Enantiospecific synthesis and characterization of four indazole-3-carboxamides, AMB-FUBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, 5F-MDMB-PINACA (5F-ADB), and AB-CHMINACA is reported.…
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