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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
25 articles
Newest firstThe recent introduction of High-Efficacy Therapies (HETs) in clinical practice has drastically reduced the frequency of acute inflammatory episodes and relapses, in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), gradually shifting the interest of clinicians toward preventing disease progression and treating symptoms associated with the residual disease. This article summarizes the output of a recent meeting (June 2025, in…
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1747131.].
Open article record in new tab ↗Background: Cannabinoid oro-mucosal spray nabiximols is approved for patients with moderate to severe multiple sclerosis spasticity (MSS) resistant to other antispastic medications. Few real-world data are available on the effectiveness, safety and patients' satisfaction in MS patients treated with nabiximols as monotherapy. Methods: To investigate the effectiveness, tolerability and satisfaction of nabiximols in…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult malignant brain tumour, with an incidence of 5 per 100,000 per year in England. Patients with tumours showing O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation represent around 40% of newly diagnosed GBM. Relapse/tumour recurrence is inevitable. There is no agreed standard treatment for patients with GBM, therefore, it is aimed at delaying fur…
In light of the current International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines, the topic of cannabinoids in relation to pain remains controversial, with insufficient research presently available. Cannabinoids are an attractive pain management option due to their synergistic effects when administered with opioids, t…
Open article record in new tab ↗Aim Cannabis-based medication has recently been made available in the NHS for reducing pain and spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The currently available preparation of Sativex (nabiximols) contains a combination of botanical cannabis extracts with cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with almost equal amounts in addition to minor cannabinoids and terpenoids and is delivered via an o…
Open article record in new tab ↗Introduction Spasticity is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) and it is often associated with other symptoms such as spasms/cramps and pain. The concept of Spasticity-Plus syndrome takes into account that spasticity is accompanied by one or more symptoms (spasms/cramps, pain, bladder dysfunction, sleep disorders, fatigue and/or tremor). As these symptoms share a common cannabinoid control, therapy acting…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Spasticity affects 54% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at disease onset, but this rate gradually increases with disease progression. Spasticity does not fully respond to standard treatment in one-third of the patients. Objective Our systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether add-on nabiximols, can improve MS-associated refractory spasticity. Methods The systematic literature search was per…
Background Nabiximols (Sativex®) is a cannabinoid approved for multiple sclerosis (MS)-related spasticity. Its mechanism of action is partially understood, and efficacy is variable. Objective To conduct an exploratory analysis of brain networks connectivity changes on resting state (RS) functional MRI (fMRI) of MS patients treated with nabiximols. Methods We identified a group of MS patients treated with Sativex®…
Background and purpose Randomized controlled trials and observational studies of nabiximols oromucosal spray in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity have shown improvement in a range of associated symptoms (pain, spasms, fatigue, bladder dysfunction, and sleep disturbances). This study evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of add-on nabiximols in the routine management of patients with MS spasti…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Over 80% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience MS-associated spasticity (MSS). In many European countries, after failure of first-line treatments, moderate or severe MSS can be treated with nabiximols, a cannabis-based add-on treatment. Objective This post hoc analysis assessed the shift of participants treated with nabiximols from higher (severe or moderate) to lower (moderate or mild/…
Objectives Nabiximols represents an increasingly employed add-on treatment option for spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) who either were unresponsive or reported excessive adverse reactions to other therapies. While several studies performed in the last decade demonstrated its effectiveness, safety, and tolerability, few quantitative data are available on the impact on motor dysfunctions. In this…
Therapeutic drug monitoring of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) is based on a complex procedure and is therefore not possible in most laboratories, especially in emergency cases. This work addresses the question of whether therapeutic drug monitoring of nabiximols can be performed using an immunological urine-based test system for cannabinoid abuse. Seventeen patients with multiple sclerosis wer…
Background Nabiximols is a cannabis-based drug to treat spasticity-associated symptoms currently approved for patients with multiple sclerosis only. Cannabinoids are useful in an increasing number of medical conditions but may bear an increased risk for cardiovascular events. SativexStroke is a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover monocentric clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background and purpose Nabiximols is a therapeutic option for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity whose symptoms are poorly controlled by conventional oral first-line medications. This study aimed to assess the relationship between changes in spasticity severity (measured on the 0-10 numeric rating scale [NRS]) and the presence of associated symptoms in patients treated with nabiximols, and to investi…
Background The therapeutic application of cannabidiol (CBD) is gaining interest due to expanding evidence for its use. Objective To summarize the clinical outcomes, study designs and limitations for the use of CBD and nabiximols (whole plant extract from Cannabis sativa L. that has been purified into 1:1 ratio of CBD and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Materials and method…
Background: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. First-line treatments for tics are antipsychotics and tic-specific behavioral therapies. However, due to a lack of trained therapists and adverse events of antipsychotic medication many patients seek alternative treatment options including cannabis. Based on the favorable results obtained f…