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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
34 articles
Newest firstIntroductionNeuronal mechanisms of motion perception are susceptible to developmental anomalies. We tested whether heavy adolescent cannabis use is associated with enduring deficits in global motion perception, with relative sparing of global form perception, in abstinent adults.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 130 adults were enrolled: cannabis-naïve controls (n=50), non-heavy adolescent users (n=38), and heavy…
Open article record in new tab ↗C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is known to promote chondrocyte proliferation and bone formation; however, CNP's extremely short half-life necessitates continuous intravascular administration to achieve bone-lengthening effects. Vosoritide, a CNP analog designed for resistance to neutral endopeptidase, allows for once-daily administration. Nonetheless, it distributes systemically rather than localizing to target…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Research is limited regarding the relationship between adolescent substance use and polysubstance use (SU/PSU) as well as their outcomes later in adolescence, while accounting for early risk factors. This study explored substance-related and psychosocial outcomes at age 17 associated with SU/PSU developmental trajectories in a population-representative cohort from Quebec, Canada (N = 1593; 48.4% male),…
Background The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, the primary target of cannabis, has gained significant attention as a potential novel therapeutic approach for treating a range of psychiatric disorders characterized by dysregulation of stress, emotion, and social behavior. The use of cannabis itself as a pharmacotherapeutic in children and adolescents is limited due to various constraints, including legal status, stig…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background and aims The transdiagnostic Syndrome Model of Addiction considers addiction as a syndrome with multiple opportunities for expression, i.e., a common underlying disorder that may manifest in distinctive ways. Considering that testing of the model has been rare, this study examined the co-occurrence of symptoms of substance use disorders and behavioral addictions over 10 years by identifying profiles and…
Open article record in new tab ↗Many children suffer from neurodevelopmental aberrations that have long-term effects. To understand the consequences of pathological processes during particular periods in neurodevelopment, one has to understand the differences in the developmental timelines of brain regions. The cerebellum is one of the first brain structures to differentiate during development but one of the last to achieve maturity. This relati…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundPressure injuries (PIs) place a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Risk stratification of those who are at risk of developing PIs allows preventive interventions to be focused on patients who are at the highest risk. The considerable number of risk assessment scales and prediction models available underscore the need for a thorough evaluation of their development, validation and clinical…
The psychoactive component of cannabis, ∆9-THC, affects cell growth and metabolism in early embryonic cell types in mice.
Open article record in new tab ↗Public perception surrounding whether cannabis use is harmful during pregnancy often diverges greatly from the recommendations of doctors and healthcare providers. In contrast to the medical guidance of abstinence before, during, and after pregnancy, many women of reproductive age believe cannabis use during pregnancy is associated with little potential harm. Legalization and social cues support public perceptions…
Open article record in new tab ↗Substance use during pregnancy increases the risk for poor developmental outcomes of the offspring, and for substance-dependent mothers, abstaining from substance use during pregnancy is often difficult. Given the addictive nature of many substances, strategies that may mitigate the harmful effects of prenatal substance exposure are important. Prenatal nutrient supplementation is an emerging intervention that may…
Open article record in new tab ↗Objective To examine whether timing of in utero marijuana exposure independently and negatively impacts fetal growth, and if these effects are global or specific to certain growth parameters. Study design The two study groups were marijuana users (N = 109) and a randomly selected control group of biochemically verified non-users (n = 171). Study data were obtained via manual abstraction of electronic medical recor…
Open article record in new tab ↗The ventral tegmental area (VTA) mediates incentive salience and reward prediction error through dopamine (DA) neurons that are regulated by local VTA GABA neurons. In young mice, VTA GABA cells exhibit a form of synaptic plasticity known as long-term depression (LTD) that is dependent on cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors preceded by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) signaling to induce endocannabinoid produc…
Open article record in new tab ↗The reorganization of human hippocampus, especially its interaction with cortex, remains largely undefined in youth. The organization of a single hippocampal long-axis has been predominantly characterized as monotonic1-6, despite recent indications of nonmonotonic features in neuron density7 and geometric eigenmodes8. While the human cortical hierarchy has been well recognized for significant developmental and evo…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundThere are numerous observations of reward sensitivity being associated with different psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, most studies investigating this relationship have been cross-sectional. Additionally, current knowledge is fragmentary as studies often investigate only one disorder at a time. The present study addresses these gaps by investigating whether reward sensitivity at age 13 predicts the co…
Open article record in new tab ↗Cannabis use is common among adolescents and emerging adults and is associated with significant adverse consequences for a subset of users. Rates of use peak between the ages of 18-25, yet the neurobiological consequences for neural systems that are actively developing during this time remain poorly understood. In particular, cannabis exposure may interfere with adaptive development of white matter pathways underl…
Open article record in new tab ↗Cannabis use alters sperm DNA methylation, but the potential reversibility of these changes is unknown. Semen samples from cannabis users and non-user controls were collected at baseline and again following a 77-day period of cannabis abstinence (one spermatogenic cycle). Users and controls did not significantly differ by demographics or semen analyses. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing identified 163 CpG sites wi…
Open article record in new tab ↗Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid whose purported therapeutic benefits and impression of a high safety profile has promoted its increasing popularity. CBD's popularity is also increasing among children and adolescents who are being administered CBD, off label, for the treatment of numerous symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, a…
Open article record in new tab ↗OBJECTIVE: To understand whether genetic risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with the course of the disorder across childhood and into young adulthood. METHOD: Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-based birth cohort of 2,232 twins. ADHD was assessed at ages 5, 7, 10, and 12 with mother- and teacher-reports and at age 18 with…
Open article record in new tab ↗Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of cannabis. Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) m…
Cigarette smoking is a modifiable behaviour associated with mental health. We investigated the degree of genetic overlap between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders, and whether genetic associations exist beyond genetic influences shared with confounding variables (cannabis and alcohol use, risk-taking and insomnia). Second, we investigated the presence of causal associations between smoking in…
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