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Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
39 articles
Newest firstBackgroundTuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is a cornerstone intervention for reducing TB incidence among people living with HIV, yet its integration into routine care remains inconsistent in high-burden settings. While policy frameworks are well established, less is known about how frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) operationalize TPT within constraint health systems. Thisstudy explores healthcare workers (H…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundIn 2024 incidence of tuberculosis in England rose to 9.4 per 100,000, which is close to exceeding the low-incidence designation threshold. Addressing the rising incidence requires policy making to ensure sufficient staff, hospital resources and budgets are available to meet the increasing demand. However, costing of active pulmonary TB in the UK are limited and better clarity is needed on the clinical pa…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation significantly contribute to ongoing transmission, increased disease severity, and poor treatment outcomes. This study assessed the determinants and consequences of patient and health system delays among individuals aged 15 years and…
Open article record in new tab ↗Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Mozambique. To address this burden, promising new preventive TB vaccines targeting adolescents and adults are currently in phase III efficacy trials. This study aimed to assess stakeholders perspectives on priority high-risk groups, the challenges in reaching them, and potential strategies for delive…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health challenge, with two-thirds of the global TB burden in ten Asian countries. Social vulnerabilities, comorbidities, health inequity, multi-dimensional poverty, malnutrition, and barriers to healthcare access continue to fuel TB epidemic. Inability to detect asymptomatic and sub-clinical TB, combined with passive approach in service delivery and overrelianc…
New tuberculosis (TB) vaccines for adults and adolescents could transform TB prevention programs, but their impact depends on successful implementation. We investigated willingness to be vaccinated with a new TB vaccine in a high HIV and TB burden setting in southern Mozambique in 2024 using a mixed methods approach involving a cross-sectional survey and concurrent in-depth interviews. In 151 surveys and 23 interv…
Open article record in new tab ↗ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate a deployable deep learning system with Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) for tuberculosis screening from chest radiographs and to assess its classification performance and explainability across desktop and mobile deployment platforms. Materials and methodsThis study used publicly available chest X-ray datasets containing Normal and Tuberculosis images. A DenseN…
Open article record in new tab ↗Abstract Background: Substance use can negatively impact treatment adherence and health outcomes, thus exacerbating the burden of the disease. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with substance use among patients with TB disease in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 144 patients with drug-susceptible TB enrolled from July 2020 to March 2021 across five health faci…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundThe public health problem of tuberculosis (TB) in India worsens because of extended time needed for diagnosis and treatment initiation which affects rural areas most. The National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) requires information about patient healthcare search patterns and their barriers to access in order to achieve its goals. ObjectiveThe research studied rural Gurugram Haryana medical care usage pat…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundNew adult tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are in clinical trials and may be licensed as soon as 2028. However, vaccine rollout requires addressing multiple contextual factors beyond clinical trial findings. This study explored stakeholders perspectives on the introduction a new TB vaccine in Indonesia. MethodsWe used a mixed-methods approach combining a stakeholder consultation in Jakarta (13/03/2025) among 2…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundTuberculosis (TB)-related stigma remains a significant barrier to TB care and treatment adherence in Kenya. Despite progress in TB control, stigma continues to affect individuals diagnosed with TB and their families, leading to delayed healthcare-seeking behaviors, social exclusion, and economic consequences. This study examines the dimensions of TB-related stigma among people infected and affected by TB…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundSeveral tuberculosis (TB) vaccines intended for adults and adolescents are in late-stage clinical trials, but there is limited research into how a new TB vaccine would be introduced. South Africa is at the forefront of TB vaccine research, with involvement in the clinical trials of leading candidates, in this study; we sought to understand what the interest, priorities and roll out approach of a potentia…
Open article record in new tab ↗Treatment default in tuberculosis care undermines disease control efforts, contributing to ongoing transmission, drug resistance, and adverse health outcomes. Zambia, like many high-burden countries, continues to face challenges with patient adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment, especially in urban informal settlements. Despite the national TB programs efforts, limited research has specifically explored the ca…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundSeveral tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates are currently advancing to late stage clinical trials. Prisons in low- and middle-income countries harbor some of the highest rates of TB in the world, making persons deprived of liberty (PDL) an important population to prioritize for the introduction of effective vaccines. However, their inclusion in clinical trials raises significant ethical concerns due to…
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge. Recent studies have compared active case-finding (ACF) with passive case-finding (PCF) and various ACF strategies, assessing diagnostic yield, treatment outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and overall TB control impact. However, evidence remains fragmented due to methodological heterogeneity. MethodsTo assess how ACF compares to PCF and to different ACF stra…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health threat, particularly in high-burden countries like Pakistan. The incidence of diabetes mellitus among TB patients is rising, necessitating integrated clinical management to address the dual burden. Despite existing guidelines, the implementation of integrated TB diabetes care remains inadequate in Pakistan. This study aims to explore the implementation det…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundAdherence to tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) remains a significant challenge in high-burden countries like Bangladesh, where approximately 44 million people are infected with latent tuberculosis. Methods/DesignThis study protocol describes a mixed-methods observational study to evaluate "iDOTS," a locally developed digital adherence technology adapted from 99DOTS, for monitoring and improving TPT…
Open article record in new tab ↗Global health initiatives have expanded access to treatment for infectious diseases - especially HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria (HTM) - in low- and middle-income countries. However, these "vertically"-funded programs often operate within fragile health systems, where workforce shortages and supply chain failures constrain their effectiveness and sustainability 1,2. Meanwhile, evaluating the health impact and value…
IntroductionTask-shifting of tuberculosis (TB) rapid molecular testing from laboratory technicians to nurses could help decentralizing TB diagnosis at Primary Health Centers (PHC) and allow in-ward testing to shorten treatment decision for very sick patients. We assessed the feasibility of XpertMTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) testing on nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) by nurses in children with presumptive TB at PHCs and in h…
Open article record in new tab ↗One of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 is to end the global TB epidemic. Translating this laudable target to reality requires strengthening collaborative tuberculosis/human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) care at all levels to end TB in Nigeria. This study assessed the treatment outcomes of TB among people living with HIV (PLWH) and compared the treatment outcomes of TB between primary and tertiary heal…