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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
13 articles
Newest firstBACKGROUND: Early initiation of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other substances is a robust predictor of later substance use disorders and related psychopathology. We integrate time-varying environmental factors with polygenic risk scores (PRS) in a longitudinal framework to identify risk factors influencing substance initiation in adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Develo…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Neurodevelopmental models regard impulsivity as a central risk factor for adolescent substance use. However, the practical utility of impulsivity in predicting substance use is complicated by variability among measures that encompass multiple methods and theoretical domains. Prior research has been constrained by cross-sectional designs, small sample sizes, and/or the use of a narrow subset of impulsivi…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundThe Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study(R) offers rich longitudinal data on environmental, genetic, and other factors related to substance use initiation. Classical marginal structural models (MSMs) require choosing which covariates to include in propensity models, but this choice is difficult in the presence of hundreds of correlated predictors. MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal data from…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundEarly initiation of substance use is linked to later adverse outcomes, and risk factors come from multiple domains and are shared across substances. In our previous work, traditional time-to-event Cox models identified individual risk factors, but these models are not designed to jointly model multiple outcomes or capture complex non-linear relationships. Multi-task learning (MTL) can leverage shared str…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundSubstance use initiation in adolescence is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors; however, large-scale genetic studies often treat initiation as a binary outcome and underuse longitudinal timing information. MethodsWe conducted time-to-event (survival) genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) of initiation for four outcomes--alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and any substance use--using longitud…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Adolescent substance use initiation is shaped by multiple genetic and neurobiological factors. Externalizing liability, a transdiagnostic genetic dimension capturing shared predisposition to impulsivity, disinhibition, and related traits, is among the strongest polygenic predictors of early substance initiation. Yet how this genetic risk relates to brain structure and function, and whether baseline brai…
Open article record in new tab ↗Previous studies robustly link childhood peer victimization experience to the timing of substance use initiation. However, no study has investigated the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to this link. The current study focused on a sample of 779 twin pairs followed from age 9-10 to 19-20, which is racially/ethnically and socioeconomically representative of the greater Los Angeles area. The aims we…
Open article record in new tab ↗Background Impulsivity is among the strongest correlates of substance involvement (i.e. a broad continuum of substance-related behaviors), and distinct domains (e.g. sensation seeking [SS] and urgency) are differentially correlated, phenotypically and genetically, with unique substance involvement stages. Examining whether polygenic influences for distinct impulsivity domains are differentially predictive of early…
Physical Activity (PA) is important for mental, physical, and brain health. Adolescence is marked by increased engagement in risky substance use (SU) behaviors, which can negatively affect brain development. This study aims to determine if PA influences SU experimentation and initiation among adolescents. We predicted higher levels of PA would be associated with less SU, with a larger effect in more vigorous compa…
Open article record in new tab ↗Introduction This study examines the impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on subsequent initiation of alcohol use, cannabis use, and prescription opioid misuse among diverse adolescents attending high schools on or near a Tribal reservation in a rural Great Plains region of the U.S. Methods In collaboration with Emory University and a Great Plains Tribal nation's behavioral health organization, a community r…
BackgroundEarly substance use initiation (SUI) places youth at substantially higher risk for later substance use disorders. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical period for the maturation of brain networks, the pace and magnitude of which are susceptible to environmental influences and may shape risk for SUI. MethodsWe examined whether patterns of functional brain connectivity during rest (rsFC), measured longitu…
One specific instantiation of the storm-and-stress view of adolescence is the idea that “normal” adolescence involves high-risk substance use behaviors. However, although uptake of some substance use behaviors is more common during adolescence than other life stages, it is clear that not all adolescents engage in risky substance use—and among those who do, there is much variation in emotional, behavioral, and cont…
Open article record in new tab ↗PURPOSE: While previous research underscores the important role that neighborhood contexts play for child and adolescent health and well-being, how these neighborhood contexts influence substance use initiation among adolescents from low-income and ethnic minority families has been understudied. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Denver Child Study a retrospective survey that uses a natur…
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