Efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Letícia Hamm‐Buiar, Daniela Gorski, Marcela Harumi Kagueiama, Astrid Wiens

AIMS: This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of MS-related spasticity. METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS on 2 December 2025. Randomized controlled trials evaluating natural or synthetic cannabinoids for MS-related spasticity were included. Studies published in non-Roman characters and those assessing recreational cannabis use we…

Cannabidiol in autism: Clinical pharmacology priorities for trial design.

Gislei Frota Aragão, Carla Barbosa Brandão, José Evaldo Leandro Júnior

Community pharmacists' practices and perspectives on deprescribing high-risk psychotropic medicines: National survey findings.

Monica Jung, Louisa Picco, Aili V. Langford, Rose Laing, Jana Dostal, Suzanne Nielsen

Aim To explore the practices, confidence and perspectives of community pharmacists in deprescribing high-risk psychotropic medicines, including opioid analgesics, benzodiazepine, gabapentinoids and medicinal cannabis. Methods An anonymous, cross-sectional national online survey was conducted between January and April 2025 among Australian community pharmacists. The survey captured data on pharmacist demographics,…

Low-dose cannabidiol increases plasma concentrations of amitriptyline: A clinical drug-drug interaction study.

Andriy A. Gorbenko, Titiaan E. Post, Pamela K. Strugala, Erica S. Klaassen, Linda E. Klumpers, Saco J. de Visser +4 more

Aims Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-intoxicating compound from the cannabis plant, is regularly used by patients with chronic pain who also take analgesics. CBD has previously been shown to inhibit CYP-mediated drug metabolism. This study aimed to characterize the potential pharmacokinetic interaction of CBD with amitriptyline and tramadol, two commonly used analgesics. Methods This was an open-label, fixed-seque…

Expert advice for prescribing cannabis medicines for patients with epilepsy-drawn from the Australian clinical experience.

John Lawson, Terry O'Brien, Myfanwy Graham, Elianne Renaud, Dean Jones, Jeremy Freeman +2 more

There is international interest for consensus advice for prescribers working in the field of drug resistant epilepsy intending to trial potential therapies that are nonregistered or off-label. Cannabinoids are one such therapy. In 2017, the New South Wales State Government (Australia) set up a cannabinoid prescribing guidance service for a wide variety of indications, based on known pharmacology together with the…

Parasitic pharmacology: A plausible mechanism of action for cannabidiol.

Geert Jan Groeneveld, Jennifer H Martin

A systematic review of cannabidiol dosing in clinical populations.

S.A. Millar, N.L. Stone, Z.D. Bellman, A.S. Yates, T.J. England, S.E. O'Sullivan

Aims Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabis-derived medicinal product with potential application in a wide-variety of contexts; however, its effective dose in different disease states remains unclear. This review aimed to investigate what doses have been applied in clinical populations, in order to understand the active range of CBD in a variety of medical contexts. Methods Publications involving administration of CBD al…