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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
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Readable research linked to original sources
Browse normalized, publication-ready research with direct links to its evidence and source.
13 articles
Newest firstMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) infections are a significant public health concern. Anterior nares serve as a major reservoir and source of spread of MRS ssp. People living with HIV (PLWHIV) tend to be at higher risk of colonisation with MRS organisms due to frequent healthcare exposure. We assessed the prevalence of MRS nasal carriage and associated factors among PLWHIV at the HIV clinic of Kiruddu Nat…
Open article record in new tab ↗HIV-associated cholangiopathy (HAC) is a rare but clinically important hepatobiliary complication occurring in patients with advanced immunosuppression, particularly those with cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) counts below 100 cells/μL. It is most often triggered by opportunistic infections and can present as a spectrum of biliary abnormalities that result in cholestasis and obstruction. We present the case of…
BackgroundThe universal test-and-treat (T&T) policy has improved HIV outcomes but may influence hypertension (HTN) risk due to prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure. We compared HTN prevalence and risk factors among PLHIV before and after T&T implementation in Zambia. MethodsA retrospective cohort study analyzed 6,409 PLHIV (2,920 pre-T&T and 3,489 post-T&T) from 12 Southern Province districts. Data on d…
PurposeDifferentiated service delivery (DSD) models for antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV are intended to increase patient-centeredness, a concept that incorporates patient choice of service delivery options. We explored choice in DSD model enrollment at 42 public sector clinics in Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia. MethodsFrom 09/2022-05/2023, we surveyed ART clients and healthcare providers, asking ART clients…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundThe era of universal treatment for HIV has seen high rates of disengagement from antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs and re-engagement after interruptions, with modeled estimates of non-naive initiators >50% in many places. Most re-engagers are reluctant to admit prior antiretroviral exposure, and non-self-reported data on proportions of re-initiators are scarce. We synthesized data from multiple sourc…
BackgroundA growing number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) also have non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Shifting the health systems paradigm from vertical, parallel care to an integrated delivery model may facilitate better care-seeking and ultimately improve outcomes for people with a dual burden of HIV and NCDs. We describe the current state of integration of hypertension and diabetes care into HIV treatment in…
Introduction treatment of HIV infection with Protease Inhibitors (PIs) and Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) can lead to insulin resistance and changes in body fat distribution. Overactivity of the endogenous cannabinoid system produces similar disturbances in metabolic syndrome within the general population. However, Cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonism, in both human and animal studies, rever…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundWe developed a motivational Interviewing (MI) training and support program for lay counsellors in South Africa - branded "Thusa-Thuso - helping you help", commonly referred to as Thusa-Thuso. We present the results of a pilot study to determine the programs impact on MI technical skills and qualitatively assess the feasibility of a training-of-trainers (TOT) scale-up strategy among counselling staff of n…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundMany countries in sub-Saharan Africa are rapidly scaling up "differentiated service delivery" (DSD) models for HIV treatment to improve the quality of care, increase access, reduce costs, and support the continued expansion and sustainability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. Although there is some published evidence about the health outcomes of patients in DSD models, little is known about their…
People with HIV (PWH) report substance use at higher rates than HIV-uninfected individuals. The potential negative impact of single and polysubstance use on HIV treatment among diverse samples of PWH is underexplored. PWH were recruited from the Center for Positive Living at the Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, NY, USA) from May 2017-April 2018 and completed a cross-sectional survey with measures of substance use…
Open article record in new tab ↗IntroductionSince 2017 global guidelines have recommended "same-day initiation" (SDI) of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for patients considered ready for treatment on the day of HIV diagnosis. Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have incorporated a SDI option into national guidelines, but uptake of SDI is not well documented. We estimated average time to ART initiation at 12 public healthcare facilities in Malawi…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundRetention of patients initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and good adherence remain cornerstones to long-term viral suppression. In this era of test and treat (T&T), ensuring that patients initiated on ART remain connected to HIV clinics will be key to the achievement of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Currently, limited studies have evaluated the effect instant ART initiation has on loss to follow up…
Open article record in new tab ↗BackgroundThere have been inconsistent findings on the association between current drug use and HIV disease progression and virologic suppression. Drug use was often measured using self-report of historical use. Objective measurement of current drug use is preferred.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed drug use through Computer-Assisted Self Interviews (CASI) and point-of-care urine drug screen (UDS)…