Integrative single-cell and spatial multi-Omics analyses identify NETs-driven colon cancer subtypes with distinct metabolic features and prognostic implications

Abstract Background: Colon cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is associated with high rates of recurrence and metastasis despite advances in therapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by complex immune and stromal interactions, plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and treatment resistance. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an emerging component of the TME, have been implicated in promoting tumor invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion. However, their specific role in colon cancer remains unclear. Methods: