CSIE: cancer subtyping via inference and ensemble

Abstract While multi-omics integration is the gold standard for precision oncology, its clinical utility is severely hampered by the incomplete data problem, where cost and technical barriers often leave researchers with only single-omics profiles. Our manuscript introduces CSIE (cancer subtyping via inference and ensemble), a framework that bridges this gap by using a novel transformer-based inference module which incorporates systems-level knowledge to accurately infer missing omics layers from gene expression data. Furthermore, CSIE employs an ensemble clustering module that simultaneously