Cumulative displacement in old age: a phenomenological study of life-course trajectories to homelessness among older adults in Iran

Abstract Introduction: Homelessness among older adults is an emerging social crisis in Iran, exacerbated by rapid population aging, inadequate welfare systems, and rising housing costs. Despite its growing prevalence, research on older homelessness in Iran remains limited. This study explores the lived experiences and underlying causes of homelessness among older adults to inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was employed to investigate life-course trajectories leading to homelessness. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2025 with