Cannabis use and its impact on respiratory physiology and lung cancer risk: Mechanistic and epidemiological insights (Review)

Abstract Cannabis use has become increasingly prevalent due to legalization and social acceptance, raising concerns about its potential health impacts, particularly on respiratory and oncological outcomes. Despite sharing toxic constituents with tobacco smoke, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds, the link between cannabis smoking and lung cancer remains inconclusive. Epidemiological studies present conflicting findings, with some suggesting increased risk among heavy users, particularly when combined with tobacco, while others find no significant association. Chronic cannabis smoking has been