Optimizing ethanol-modified supercritical CO₂ extraction for enhanced bioactive compound recovery in hemp seed oil

Abstract This work aimed to extract hemp seed oil using modified supercritical CO2 with ethanol, while optimizing the overall process through response surface methodology. The effects of extraction temperature (30–60 °C), pressure (10–20 MPa), and time (120–300 min) on oil yield, total phenols (TPC), total tocopherols, oxidative stability index (OSI), total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, quality indices, and color were assessed. For a maximum yield of 28.83 g/100 g of fresh seeds, the oil was extracted at 50 °C and 20