Quantification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine as a marker of cannabis abuse

Abstract Background & objectives: Cannabis use has long been associated with celebration and hospitality, although abuse must be confirmed through testing. It has always been difficult to develop an accurate and reliable confirmatory method for the quantification of tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) that meets local requirements. The goal was to develop a rapid, cost-effective analytical technique that can handle large batches. Methods: Because of the wide metabolite detection window and ease of collection, urine was preferable sample. The extraction of