Physical Exercise as a Potential Treatment for Fatigue in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Abstract Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating non-motor symptoms among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and significantly impacts quality of life. Therefore, effective treatment options are needed. Objective: To provide an update on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including pharmacological and non-pharmacological (but non-surgical) treatments that examine the effects of fatigue on PD patients. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases for (cross-over) RCTs on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for treating fatigue in