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A brain disorder characterized by episodes of abnormally increased neuronal discharge resulting in transient episodes of sensory or motor neurological dysfunction, or psychic dysfunction. These episodes may or may not be associated with loss of consciousness or convulsions.
Evidence at a glance
Open any number to go directly to the underlying records.
The report maps directly scoped documents, study registrations, formulations and exact source-reported evidence. Efficacy, treatment and safety conclusions remain unvalidated. Every item links back to preserved source material. Study registrations and dose records describe what researchers reported or planned; they are not treatment advice or proof that an intervention works.
Condition scope
Subtype counts can overlap because one article may discuss more than one condition.
Research map
These are document-level associations. The first group has study-registration or regulatory context; neither group proves efficacy or clinical use.
Drug-resistant or refractory epilepsy · Dravet syndrome · Lennox-Gastaut syndrome · Tuberous sclerosis complex · Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
regulatory record and registered studies · not a treatment claimDrug-resistant or refractory epilepsy · Dravet syndrome · Lennox-Gastaut syndrome · Tuberous sclerosis complex · Absence epilepsy or seizures
Temporal lobe epilepsy · Absence epilepsy or seizures · Dravet syndrome
document association · not a treatment claimTemporal lobe epilepsy · Dravet syndrome · Drug-resistant or refractory epilepsy · Focal epilepsy · Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
document association · not a treatment claimDrug-resistant or refractory epilepsy · Dravet syndrome
document association · not a treatment claimDrug-resistant or refractory epilepsy
document association · not a treatment claimDrug-resistant or refractory epilepsy
document association · not a treatment claimDravet syndrome
document association · not a treatment claimDravet syndrome
document association · not a treatment claimDrug-resistant or refractory epilepsy · Absence epilepsy or seizures · Dravet syndrome
document association · not a treatment claimDravet syndrome
document association · not a treatment claimDrug-resistant or refractory epilepsy
document association · not a treatment claimHow treatment was studied
Routes and dose values below describe registered or published research. They are not prescribing instructions.
What researchers planned or recorded in trial registrations.
Exact dose text below comes from immutable study-registry snapshots. It describes a registered protocol, not proof that the dose was administered, effective or appropriate.
psychological tests. 2. Treatment Period: Titration (2 weeks) + stabilization period (10 weeks) + maintenance period (12 weeks) * Titration: The patient would start cannabidiol on 5mg/kg/mg for 1 week and titrate dosage up to 10mg/kg/day for second week with the caregiver monitoring the patient's tolerability * Stabilization: caregiver monitoring the patient's tolerability, with no change in medication dosage * Maintenance: no change in medication dosage
Exact source pointer and checksum retained · not a treatment recommendationOpen study record and source evidence →All subjects will have a dosing titration starting with 25 mg/kg/day and will be titrated weekly as tolerated based on clinical response. All subjects will be clinically evaluated at baseline, once a month for three months and every three months thereafter. In order to ensure safe use at higher doses, patients receiving more than 600 mg of daily
Exact source pointer and checksum retained · not a treatment recommendationOpen study record and source evidence →CBD Isolate: MPL-015 is a CBD isolate, produced by MediPharm Labs, each mL contains 100mg CBD and 0mg THC.
Exact source pointer and checksum retained · not a treatment recommendationOpen study record and source evidence →CBD-CHE arm: MPL -016 is a CBD-enriched cannabis herbal extract, produced by MediPharm Labs, each mL contains 100mg of CBD and 3mg of THC.
Exact source pointer and checksum retained · not a treatment recommendationOpen study record and source evidence →How the intervention was described as being given in registered studies.
Open a route to see its registrations. A study may appear under more than one route.
Source-backed observations from readable publications.
Systematic review: researchers use a documented method to find, select and assess all relevant studies for a specific question.
Meta-analysis: when the studies are sufficiently comparable, their numerical results are combined statistically.
These methods can provide a broader view than one study, but their reliability still depends on the quality and similarity of the included evidence. They do not automatically prove that a treatment works.
A 2024 network meta-analysis compared oral CBD dose levels of 10, 20, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day across six randomized trials involving 972 participants. The source explicitly says that the limited studies and sample size require further validation.
“Six RCTs involving 972 patients were included in the final data analysis.”Abstract / Results
“CBD10 (10 mg/kg/day)”Abstract / Results
“CBD20 (20 mg/kg/day)”Abstract / Results
“CBD25 (25 mg/kg/day)”Abstract / Results
“CBD50 (50 mg/kg/day)”Abstract / Results
“Due to the limitations of eligible studies and the limited sample size, more studies are needed in the future to validate our findings.”Abstract / Conclusion
How the research was designed
These labels describe the registered study design—not whether the treatment worked. A study can use several methods, so categories may overlap. Protocol categories are deterministic title/type matches and use a multi-label taxonomy. Filters preserve every matching tag while each registration is shown once. Registration is not a result.
Showing 12 of 38 unique registrations. 46 pattern memberships are preserved as badges; counts may overlap.
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of GWP42003-P as adjunctive treatment in reducing the number of drop seizures when compared with placebo in participants with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS).
Open study recordTo evaluate the efficacy of GWP42003-P as adjunctive treatment in reducing the number of drop seizures when compared with placebo, in participants with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS).
Open study recordThis trial consists of 2 parts: a double-blinded phase and an open-label extension phase. The blinded phase only will be described in this record.
Open study recordResearch frequency
Counts use the directly scoped, rights-cleared article snapshot. The current year is partial.
Registries
A registration describes the protocol. When posted, source-reported outcomes and safety are preserved on the local Study page.
Browse the complete filtered study catalog →
Showing 12 of 44 directly scoped registrations.
225 enrolled
Open study record171 enrolled
Open study record20 enrolled
Open study record199 enrolled
Open study record120 enrolled
Open study record61 enrolled
Registry-reported results: 32 primary outcome measures · 0 analyses · 69 safety-event terms. Review the preserved result tables →
Open study record34 enrolled
Open study record35 enrolled
Open study record0 enrolled
Open study record107 enrolled
Open study record20 enrolled
Open study record42 enrolled
Open study recordSupporting evidence and regulatory context
Available items are locally preserved, frozen candidates. Funding and related research remain unavailable until a complete relevance-policy-v2 section is frozen; unavailable safety linkage is never presented as zero. Source metadata and safety reports are not efficacy or causality claims.
Frozen 14/09/2026 · 20,590 records · source sync still in progress
Tens of millions of people in the world are burdened by epilepsy, and many of these patients have seizures that cannot be controlled with existing therapies. There has been a recent surge in interest in leveraging cannabis-related molecules to control treatment-resistant epilepsy. Our project will determine how the body’s own cannabinoids get generated and released following neuronal hyperactivity in the intact brain. We will then test how effectively cannabinoid-sensitive inhibitory neurons can be targeted for novel non-invasive therapies to control chronic spontaneous seizures.
Many patients with temporal lobe epilepsy have repeated spontaneous seizures that cannot be controlled with existing drug therapies. There is growing interest in the potential for controlling seizures through marijuana- related interventions. The project will determine if cannabinoid drugs can control neuronal hyperexcitability through the enhancement of the activity of a major ion channel in this particularly treatment-resistant form of epilepsy.
Tens of millions of people in the world are burdened by epilepsy, and many of these patients have seizures that cannot be controlled with existing therapies. There has been a recent surge in interest in leveraging cannabis-related molecules to control treatment-resistant epilepsy. Our project will determine how the body’s own cannabinoids get generated and released following neuronal hyperactivity in the intact brain. We will then test how effectively cannabinoid-sensitive inhibitory neurons can be targeted for novel non-invasive therapies to control chronic spontaneous seizures.
Tens of millions of people in the world are burdened by epilepsy, and many of these patients have seizures that cannot be controlled with existing therapies. There has been a recent surge in interest in leveraging cannabis-related molecules to control treatment-resistant epilepsy. Our project will determine how the body’s own cannabinoids get generated and released following neuronal hyperactivity in the intact brain. We will then test how effectively cannabinoid-sensitive inhibitory neurons can be targeted for novel non-invasive therapies to control chronic spontaneous seizures.
Many patients with temporal lobe epilepsy have repeated spontaneous seizures that cannot be controlled with existing drug therapies. There is growing interest in the potential for controlling seizures through marijuana- related interventions. The project will determine if cannabinoid drugs can control neuronal hyperexcitability through the enhancement of the activity of a major ion channel in this particularly treatment-resistant form of epilepsy.
Many patients with temporal lobe epilepsy have repeated spontaneous seizures that cannot be controlled with existing drug therapies. There is growing interest in the potential for controlling seizures through marijuana- related interventions. The project will determine if cannabinoid drugs can control neuronal hyperexcitability through the enhancement of the activity of a major ion channel in this particularly treatment-resistant form of epilepsy.
Tens of millions of people in the world are burdened by epilepsy, and many of these patients have seizures that cannot be controlled with existing therapies. There has been a recent surge in interest in leveraging cannabis-related molecules to control treatment-resistant epilepsy. Our project will determine how the body’s own cannabinoids get generated and released following neuronal hyperactivity in the intact brain. We will then test how effectively cannabinoid-sensitive inhibitory neurons can be targeted for novel non-invasive therapies to control chronic spontaneous seizures.
Many patients with temporal lobe epilepsy have repeated spontaneous seizures that cannot be controlled with existing drug therapies. There is growing interest in the potential for controlling seizures through marijuana- related interventions. The project will determine if cannabinoid drugs can control neuronal hyperexcitability through the enhancement of the activity of a major ion channel in this particularly treatment-resistant form of epilepsy.
Many patients with temporal lobe epilepsy have repeated spontaneous seizures that cannot be controlled with existing drug therapies. There is growing interest in the potential for controlling seizures through marijuana- related interventions. The project will determine if cannabinoid drugs can control neuronal hyperexcitability through the enhancement of the activity of a major ion channel in this particularly treatment-resistant form of epilepsy.
Unavailable. Governed relevance linkage is not ready for this frozen snapshot; no absence of records is inferred.
Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Treatment of epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures
Treatment of Dravet syndrome
FAERS/AEMS reports are post-market signals. Counts do not establish causality or incidence and may contain duplicates or reporting bias.
Regulatory records
Active ingredient: cannabidiol
Route / form: Not reported
Status: Authorised · EU
Record type: Regulatory product record
Preserved context: See the local medicine record for current source-backed regulatory and study context.
Epidyolex is indicated for use as adjunctive therapy of seizures associated with Lennox Gastaut syndrome (LGS) or Dravet syndrome (DS), in conjunction with clobazam, for patients 2 years of age and older.
Open local regulatory record →A catalog record is not, by itself, an efficacy claim.Registry Results
Registry-submitted primary-outcome values are shown with exact local provenance. The service does not infer efficacy, effect direction or a treatment recommendation from these unreviewed values.
Values are reported by registry submitters and preserved with exact snapshot, hash and JSON-pointer provenance. The service does not infer efficacy from a protocol or from these unreviewed values.Values are preserved from the registry submitter. They are not an efficacy, safety or treatment conclusion.
Open the complete local Study record →Groups are shown as submitted to the registry. The service does not infer which group is the comparator.
Day 1 at age-specific times / nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL)
Pharmacokinetic population (PK), all participants who received ≥1 dose of study drug and had ≥1 post-dose measured plasma concentration of cannabidiol and/or 7-OH cannabidiol with evaluable PK data available for analysis. The number of participants in each category is the number of participants with evaluable PK data available for Cmax.
| Group | Category | Value | Spread / interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 59.03 | 99.98 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 110.5 | 142.3 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 256.9 | 351.9 |
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 28.71 | 26.72 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 61.89 | 72.88 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 140.9 | 210.0 |
Day 10 at age-specific times / ng/mL
PK Population, all participants who received ≥1 dose of study drug and had ≥1 post-dose measured plasma concentration of cannabidiol and/or 7-OH cannabidiol with evaluable PK data available for analysis. The number of participants in each category is the number of participants with evaluable PK data available for Cmax.
| Group | Category | Value | Spread / interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 119.6 | 105.0 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 220.0 | 294.7 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 426.8 | 327.7 |
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 79.38 | 40.82 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 136.6 | 140.9 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 286.1 | 201.9 |
Day 1 at age-specific times / ng*h/mL
PK Population, all participants who received ≥1 dose of study drug and had ≥1 post-dose measured plasma concentration of cannabidiol and/or 7-OH cannabidiol with evaluable PK data available for analysis. The number of participants in each category is the number of participants with evaluable PK data available for AUC(0-12).
| Group | Category | Value | Spread / interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 173.9 | 179.6 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 507.1 | 687.7 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 914.5 | 1155 |
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 124.4 | 80.18 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 329.8 | 402.9 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 646.7 | 886.3 |
Day 1 at age-specific times / ng*h/mL
PK Population, all participants who received ≥1 dose of study drug and had ≥1 post-dose measured plasma concentration of cannabidiol and/or 7-OH cannabidiol with evaluable PK data available for analysis. The number of participants in each category is the number of participants with evaluable PK data available for AUC(0-12)/D.
| Group | Category | Value | Spread / interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 34.60 | 35.48 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 49.23 | 66.68 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | Cannabidiol | 47.13 | 59.38 |
| Low Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [10 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 24.88 | 15.93 |
| Mid Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [20 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 31.77 | 38.00 |
| High Dose Cannabidiol Oral Solution [40 mg/kg/Day] | 7-OH Cannabidiol | 33.39 | 45.94 |
These are registry-submitter adverse-event tables, not an independent safety conclusion.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
EG000: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 1 affected / 21 at riskSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
EG000: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 1 affected / 21 at riskVascular disorders
EG000: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 1 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 0 affected / 21 at riskBlood and lymphatic system disorders
A registration describes what was planned. It does not show whether the intervention worked.
Safety
The linked evidence is source-reported and remains candidate-only. Contraindications and patient-specific guidance are not yet validated.
A 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis of nine randomized trials reported increased risks for several adverse-event measures with CBD versus control. The authors also reported risk-of-bias concerns and advised caution.
“Nine studies were included.”Abstract / Results
“Compared with the control group, the CBD group had a greater risk for incidence of serious AEs”Abstract / Results
“Because most of the included studies had some risk of bias”Abstract / Results
“was associated with an increased risk of several AEs.”Abstract / Conclusions and Relevance
Latest additions
The articles, studies and medicine records shown here are fixed to one dated snapshot. Their source identifiers and links were checked, but the platform has not turned registry entries into clinical conclusions.
This condition is normalized as MONDO:0005027 using Mondo Disease Ontology.
13,021 source identifiers verified · snapshot record f94ff8cddd8c...Dates are derived from this report's immutable package pins. A failed refresh does not replace the last good report.
Limits
Showing 12 of 4,963 frozen records. Browse the complete set →
Gastrointestinal disorders
EG000: 1 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 2 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 7 affected / 21 at riskMetabolism and nutrition disorders
EG000: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 2 affected / 21 at riskNervous system disorders
EG000: 3 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 3 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 7 affected / 21 at riskNervous system disorders
EG000: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 2 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 3 affected / 21 at riskNervous system disorders
EG000: 1 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 1 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 1 affected / 21 at riskNervous system disorders
EG000: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 2 affected / 21 at riskPsychiatric disorders
EG000: 0 affected / 20 at riskEG001: 1 affected / 20 at riskEG002: 1 affected / 21 at risk