Spermine synthase (SMS) serves as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a bioinformatics analysis

Abstract Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is an aggressive type of cancer that lacks early detection, and therefore, has a low 5-year survival rate. The spermine synthase (SMS) gene has been shown to be associated with Snyder-Robinson syndrome and poor prognosis of multiple cancers; however, its regulatory role in HNSC has never been investigated. Therefore, we explored the potential predictive value of SMS in HNSC. Methods: We explored the association between SMS expression and clinicopathological parameters of