Immune response, gene expression, and intestinal microbial composition of Pacific white shrimp fed with multispecies synbiotic for the prevention of coinfection disease

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the application of synbiotic containing multispecies of probiotics with different cell densities in white shrimp rearing against infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus coinfection. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. One additional replication of each treatment was provided for the lethal sampling. Pacific white shrimp were fed with three dosages of synbiotic multispecies for 30 days, namely 103 CFU mL−1 (Sin 3), 106 CFU mL−1 (Sin