A pan-cancer study of PD-1 and CTLA-4 as therapeutic targets

Abstract Background: Immunotherapy is a new and powerful weapon against tumors, represented by inhibitors of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4). This study aimed to determine the similarities and differences between PD-1 and CTLA-4 in 33 cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the impact of subtypes of the immune environment on tumor production and treatment. Methods: From the Xena browser, we downloaded TNM stage, immune subtypes, and tumor microenvironment scores for 33 tumors from TCGA.