Metabolic Profiling of Bile Acids in the Urine of Patients with Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease

Abstract Bile acids (BAs) play important functions in the development of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). In the current study, urine BA concentrations in 38 patients with well‐described alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) as characterized by Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD), 8 patients with alcohol‐use disorder (AUD), and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forty‐three BAs were identified, and 22 BAs had significant changes in their abundance levels in patients with AH. The potential associations of clinical data