Robotic-assisted laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with hepaticojejunostomy for primary ductal stones in nonagenarians: A report of two cases

Abstract Experience with complex robotic-assisted laparoscopic (RAL) hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HPB) surgery remains limited to few tertiary institutions worldwide. In this report, we focus on biliary bypass surgery, one of the more complex HPB surgeries. Over the past few decades, the laparoscopic approach has gained preference over the open approach, but the robotic approach is still uncommon. Biliary bypass is also not often performed in nonagenarians due to its inherent-associated morbidity and mortality, and these patients typically have higher surgical