Engineering a Human‐Sized Common Bile Duct Prototype with Regenerative Potential: In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanics, Function, Degradation, and Immune Modulation

Abstract Tissue engineering offers new hope for treating biliary defects. Several scaffolds have been proposed, but their properties have not been fully investigated. In this study, the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel common bile duct (CBD)‐like prototype are described. This prototype combines two biocompatible biomaterials, methacrylated type I collagen (CollMA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), along with biliary epithelial cells. CollMA supports the organization of biliary epithelial cells into a functional biliary‐like epithelium, as shown by histological, functional, and proteomic