RNF213 governs divergent tumor-immune dynamics across human cancers: a prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy stratification

Abstract Purpose: RNF213 encodes one of the largest E3 ubiquitin ligases in the human proteome, playing essential roles in ubiquitination, DNA damage repair, and immune system regulation. Although RNF213 has been extensively studied in Moyamoya disease, its involvement in cancer biology remains insufficiently understood. This study seeks to conduct a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis to explore RNF213 expression, mutation characteristics, its correlation with clinical outcomes, and its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target, particularly in the context of