Everyday Ethnic Discrimination and Early Substance Use Based on Hair Samples in High-Risk Racial/Ethnic Minority Early Adolescents

Abstract Objectives: Although racially and ethnically minoritized youth are more likely to experience adverse effects of substance use, and substance use before age 14 is strongly associated with an elevated risk of later substance use disorders, there is limited research identifying risk factors for early substance use. The study examined the role of experiencing ethnic discrimination from teachers, other adults outside of school, and other students in predicting early substance use (measured with hair toxicology reports). Methods: The study used