PIS as a regulator of cellular heterogeneity, prognostic significance, and immune landscape in thyroid cancer

Abstract Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to dissect the cellular composition and gene expression patterns of thyroid cancer (THCA), revealing distinct tumor subpopulations. A prognostic model based on RGS5+ tumor subpopulations demonstrated superior predictive power compared to existing models in forecasting patient outcomes. High prognostic immune score (PIS) was associated with genetic instability, including tumor mutations and copy number variations, and linked to poor immunotherapy outcomes, highlighting its potential as a predictive marker for immunotherapy response. Immune cell infiltration