Challenges in diagnosing and treating distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma: A case report with literature insights

Abstract Background: Adenocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct (CBD) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to nonspecific symptoms and delayed presentation. This case report details the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with distal CBD adenocarcinoma and highlights the need for an effective multidisciplinary approach. Case presentation: A 54-year-old male with a significant smoking history presented with persistent right upper abdominal pain, dark urine, and scleral jaundice. Imaging studies revealed intrahepatic