Renal Protection of HWL‐088and ZLY‐032, Two Dual GPR40/PPARδ Agonists, in Adenine‐Induced Renal Fibrosis Model

Abstract This research examined the potential of novel GPR40/PPARδ dual agonists, HWL‐088 and ZLY‐032, to protect the kidneys in a mouse model of adenine‐induced renal fibrosis. Mice were given a diet containing 0.25 % adenine to develop renal fibrosis and then received different dosages of HWL‐088 or ZLY‐032. After being euthanized, tissue and serum samples were collected for morphological, histological, and molecular examination. Compared to the control group, mice fed adenine showed an increase in kidney‐to‐body weight ratio, serum creatinine,