Laparoscopic-cholangioscopic cooperative modified tunnel technique for hepatolithiasis combined with dilated common bile duct: A case report and literature review

Abstract Introduction: Intrahepatic and extrahepatic lithiasis, a condition characterized by the presence of stones in the liver and bile ducts, is a common disease in Asia, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. We report a case with laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct using a flexible cholangioscope and modified trans-common bile duct tunnel for hepatolithiasis combined with the dilated common bile duct. Presentation of case: A 35-year-old male patient has had chronic epigastric and right upper quadrant pain. The