Experimental Study of Port Water Injection on GDI Engine Fuel Economics and Emissions

Abstract This experimental study investigates the impact of water injection into intake ports on combustion and emissions in gasoline engines. It also examines particle size distribution at various water-to-fuel ratios and explores the combined effects of water injection and compression ratios in gasoline engines. The results indicate that water injection effectively mitigates engine knock, reduces peak firing pressures, and moderates heat release rates through charge cooling. Advancing ignition timing with water injection advances combustion, resulting in reduced specific fuel consumption,