A collagen-immobilized nanodevice for in situ ratiometric imaging of cancer biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment†

Abstract Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cancer biomarkers within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to understanding their roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we reported a multifunctional fusion protein (collagen-binding domain and duck circovirus tag fused to mCherry, CBD-mCherry-DCV) capable of binding collagen with high affinity and covalently binding specific nucleic acids with exceptional efficiency. We then constructed a chimeric protein–nucleic acid nanodevice (CPNN) using CBD-mCherry-DCV and an aptamer-based sensing module to enable spatially controlled ratiometric imaging of cancer biomarkers in