A multi-market comparison of composition, formulation, and label content of CBD e-liquids

Abstract The prevalence of electronically vaporized cannabidiol (CBD) use is rising in many countries. However, few regulatory frameworks exist for inhaled CBD, and this lack of oversight may not protect consumers from adverse consequences. We generated a representative map of several global consumer vaporized CBD markets by collating data concerning cannabinoid levels, including CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, from the scientific literature. In addition, we analyzed several CBD e-liquids obtained in the UK. E-liquid CBD concentrations varied markedly both within and between