Noninvasive systemic biomarkers of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury: a pilot study

Abstract Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping, containing nicotine and/or Δ8, Δ9 or Δ10 or Δo tetrahydrocannabinol (Δn-THC), is associated with an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Despite thousands being hospitalised with EVALI, much remains unknown about diagnosis, treatment and disease pathogenesis. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid mediators may help identify e-cigarette users with EVALI. Methods: We collected plasma and urine along with demographic and vaping-related data of EVALI subjects (age 18–35 years) and