Cannabis Sativa L. Hemp Hurd Biochar: Influence of Pyrolysis Conditions on Carbonization and Residual Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is increasingly recognized not only as an agricultural commodity for textile fibers and cannabidiol (CBD) products but also as a platform for domestic innovation in biobased materials. Hemp hurd (HH), the woody inner core of the hemp stalk, is a fibrous, carbon-rich (∼50 wt %) lignocellulosic biomass with potential for conversion into value-added biochar. Herein, HH-derived biochar was investigated with emphasis on how pyrolysis conditions influence yield, carbonization, structure, and residual volatile organic compounds (VOCs).