Hemp hurd torrefaction as an effective strategy to enhance PLA-based composite mechanical and tribological properties

Abstract Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-51164-z. Article type: Research Article Keywords: Polylactic acid, Hemp hurd, torrefaction, mechanical behavior, Tribological properties, Engineering, Materials science Authors: Paola Brachi, Giovanna Ruoppolo, Maria Giulia Faga, Mattia Di Maro, Giulio Malucelli, Donatella Duraccio Affiliations: https://ror.org/04zaypm56grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P. le V. Tecchio, 80-80125 Naples, Italy; https://ror.org/04zaypm56grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia