Integrated analyses reveal a potential role for PFKFB4 in M2 macrophage polarization and hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most lethal malignant tumor worldwide, PFKFB4 has emerged as a key metabolic enzyme with critical roles in cancer progression and immune regulation. However, its precise role in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we performed integrated analyses, including single-cell transcriptomics, bioinformatics, enrichment analysis, in vitro functional assays, and in vivo validation, to explore the role of PFKFB4 in HCC progression and its influence on macrophage polarization. Results: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis