The effects of Cannabidiol on podocytes in vitro

Abstract Cannabidiol (CBD) is a popular non-psychoactive formulation commonly used to treat pain, anxiety, and nausea. Currently, CBD has little to no regulatory oversight in the United States thus, inconsistencies exist regarding how CBD is produced and controlled. Moreover, little is known about its precise biological impact on cells and tissues, particularly in the kidney. To address this, we utilized human immortalized podocytes treated with varying concentrations of CBD for different durations, and assessed their intracellular calcium changes, mitochondrial bioenergetic