Single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses identify B-cell senescence-associated biomarkers in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) exhibits marked clinical heterogeneity that cannot be fully explained by tumor-intrinsic alterations alone. Emerging evidence suggests that immune cell senescence, particularly within B-cell compartments, may critically reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and influence disease progression. However, the molecular determinants and clinical relevance of B-cell senescence in PTC remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to identify B-cell senescence-related biomarkers and their clinical relevance in PTC. Methods: We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing