Decoding the cannabis tissue culture puzzle: Machine learning analysis of cannabis in vitro morpho-physiological disorders expands the potential for precision micropropagation

Abstract Machine learning was applied to detect nutrient-related in vitro cannabis symptoms. Media formulations were evaluated for impact on morpho-physiological disorders. Novel ML-based approach enhances cannabis micropropagation system refinement. Tools provided for troubleshooting and optimizing cannabis culture performance. Article type: Research Article Keywords: Basal callus, Cannabis micropropagation, Classification-based machine learning, Genetic algorithm, Hyperhydricity, Necrosis Authors: Marco Pepe, Mohsen Hesami, Kristian Adamek, Andrew Maxwell Phineas Jones License: © 2025 The Author(s) CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 This is an open access article under