Cannabis exposure as an interactive cardiovascular risk factor and accelerant of organismal ageing: a longitudinal study

Abstract Objectives: Many reports exist of the cardiovascular toxicity of smoked cannabis but none of arterial stiffness measures or vascular age (VA). In view of its diverse toxicology, the possibility that cannabis-exposed patients may be ageing more quickly requires investigation. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal, observational. Prospective. Setting: Single primary care addiction clinic in Brisbane, Australia. Participants: 11 cannabis-only smokers, 504 tobacco-only smokers, 114 tobacco and cannabis smokers and 534 non-smokers. Exclusions: known cardiovascular disease or therapy or acute exposure to