US Trends of Opioid-use Disorders and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Patients With Spinal Conditions and Treatment From 2005 to 2014

Abstract Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text To identify the trend of opioid-use disorder among hospitalized patients with spine conditions and treatment, we analyzed the NIS data sample from 2005 to 2014 using ICD-9 CM. Opioid-use disorder among these populations increased and was associated with several demographic and economic factors, including cannabis-use disorder from 2005 to 2014. Article type: Research Article Keywords: cannabis, hospitalization, lower back pain, marijuana abuse, mental health, opioid, opioid-use disorders, spinal diseases, substance-use disorders,