Loganic acid ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing TLR4/p38 MAPK signaling-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation

Abstract Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a life-threatening cardiovascular complication of diabetes, manifested as progressive cardiac dysfunction mediated through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Loganic acid (LA), a natural iridoid compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in various inflammatory disorders, but its role in DCM remains unexplored. Here, we systematically investigated LA’s cardioprotective potential and its mechanisms. Utilizing a high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model, LA (30 ‍mg/kg, oral gavage) was administered for 8 weeks post-diabetes confirmation. Echocardiographic