Identifying attributes of effective cigar warnings: a choice-based conjoint experiment in an online survey of US adults who smoke cigars

Abstract Abstract: Objective: Little evidence exists on which cigar warning statement attributes may impact cigar warning effectiveness; research is needed to identify the most effective cigar warning topics and text. This study was designed to inform the development of improved cigar warnings. Design: We conducted a choice-based conjoint experiment. The experiment systematically manipulated cigar warning statement attributes, including cancer health effect (mention of colon cancer and/or oral cancer), non-cancer health effect (mention of heart disease and/or blood clots), causal language,