Abstract Background: Opioids have been commonly used to treat chronic pain, but they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.…
Abstract Cannabinoids can be successfully used in the treatment of many symptoms and diseases; however, most often they are not…
Abstract With emerging information about the potential for morbidity and reduced life expectancy with long-term use of opioids, it is…
Abstract Background: Illicit drug use increases visits to the hospital. Research is limited on the costs of these healthcare visits…
Abstract Sex and gender deeply affect the subjective effects and pharmaco-toxicological responses to drugs. Men are more likely than women…
Abstract Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and other cannabinoids present in cannabis (marijuana) have been shown to affect the normal inhibitory pathways that…