Abstract Objective: To develop consensus recommendations on urine drug monitoring (UDM) in patients with chronic pain who are prescribed opioids.…
Abstract This study is a 6-month retrospective analysis of urine drug testing (UDT) data from a pain management population among…
Abstract Both the kynurenine and the endocannabinoid systems are involved in several neurological disorders, such as migraine and there are…
Abstract Cancer pain remains a significant clinical problem worldwide. Causes of cancer pain are multifactorial and complex and are likely…
Abstract Cannabinoid (CB) and opioid systems are both involved in analgesia, food intake, mood and behavior. Due to the co-localization…
Abstract This article provides an overview of the history of substance use and misuse and chronicles the long shared history…
Abstract Oligodendrogenesis and oligodendrocyte precursor maturation are essential processes during the course of central nervous system development, and lead to…
Abstract Fear acquisition and extinction are valid models for the etiology and treatment of anxiety, trauma- and stressor-related disorders. These…
Abstract This paper provides an overview of research, guidelines, and clinical considerations for the use of medications for chronic pain…
Abstract Substance abuse has an enormous impact on economic and quality of life measures throughout the world. In more developed…