Abstract The endocannabinoid system (eCBS) is a versatile neuromodulatory network that orchestrates synaptic plasticity, reward processing, and neuronal homeostasis. Increasing…
Abstract Specific gut microorganisms and their metabolic by-products have been identified as key regulators of host physiology, contributing to the…
Abstract Background/Objectives: This review examines the role of pharmacogenomics in individual responses to the pharmacotherapy of various drugs of abuse,…
Abstract Background: Addiction to smartphone is defined as the disability to cease using the device despite the physical, psychological, or…
Abstract Brain-stimulation reward, also known as intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), is a commonly used procedure for studying brain reward function and…
Abstract : Microorganisms are widespread on the planet being able to adapt, persist, and grow in diverse environments, either rich…
Abstract Substance abuse is on the rise, and while many people may use illicit drugs mainly due to their rewarding…
Abstract Purpose: We report a case of a polydrug user who consumed various synthetic cannabinoids and fentanyl from a transdermal…
Abstract The actions of cannabis are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors that are part of an endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS).…
Abstract The stability of drugs can affect drug tests and interpretations. A comprehensive study to verify drug stability in Quantisal®…