Abstract Background: While secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) drives macrophage M2 polarization and cancer progression in multiple malignancies, its role in…
Abstract The repair and functional regeneration of spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a major challenge and focal point in regenerative…
Abstract Background/Objectives: Androgenetic alopecia suppresses hair follicle growth. This occurs via dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which inhibits key molecular pathways such as…
Abstract Although fine dust is linked to numerous health issues, including cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and cancerous diseases, research on its…
Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major traumatic disease of the central nervous system characterized by high rates of…
Abstract Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released by most eukaryotic cells. They are considered to play an essential role in…
Abstract Bone metabolism is strictly regulated, and impaired regulation caused by hormonal imbalances induces systemic bone loss. Local bone loss…