Ten-year experience on common bile duct exploration without T-tube insertion

Abstract Backgrounds/Aims: Common bile duct (CBD) exploration has been a procedure necessary to remove stones which are not removable by endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). T-tube was installed mainly in the concern of bile leakage after procedure. But T-tube itself can only cause bile peritonitis and thus, prolonged discomfort and care after operation. In addition, in the era of laparoscopy, T-tube insertion adds much operation time and is technically difficult for installation during the procedure. Methods: Our case of open cholecystectomy and