Analyzing the global burden of 11 subtypes of congenital birth defects: trends, sociodemographic correlates, and outcomes from 1990 to 2021

Abstract Background: Congenital birth defects (CBDs) significantly affect child mortality and disability worldwide, yet regional understandings of their burden and contributing factors remain poorly defined. This study examines global trends in prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality related to CBDs and their 11 subtypes from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Employing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, this cross-sectional analysis covers CBD prevalence, mortality, and DALYs among children aged 0–14 years. It also investigates relationships between these